Aplicações

Sulfur dioxide determination in beer

Alcohol determination in ethanol/water mixtures

In most jurisdictions around the world it is a legal requirement to accurately determine the alcohol content of alcoholic beverages and medicines for labelling and for taxation purposes. An accurate and reliable method for the determination of the alcohol content in mixtures of four different ethanol/water concentrations, two of the min comparison to EEC 2870/2000 (spirits), EEC2676/1990 (wine) and OIV-MA-AS312-01A (wine) is hereby introduced in co-operation with Versuchs-und Lehranstalt für Brauerei (VLB), Berlin. The ethanol/water mixtures are distilled using the distillation unit EasyDist with a glass splash protector. A digital density meter is used to determine the alcohol content after the distillation and for the reference measurement by direct injections. 

Alcohol Content in Spirits

Alcohol determination in spirits

Spirit or liqueur is an alcoholic beverage produced by distillation of grains, fruits after their fermentation. Liqueurs typically contain high percent alcohol. Liqueurs may also have high sugar contents or might be flavoured with herbs or other aromas. In most jurisdictions worldwide it is a legal requirement to quantify the alcohol content for labelling and taxation purposes. An accurate and reliable method for the determination of the alcohol content in five different spirit samples with varied alcohol concentrations in comparisonto a classical distillation setup as a reference method is hereby introduced in co-operation with Versuchs-und Lehranstalt für Brauerei (VLB), Berlin. A close compliance of the steam distillation setup of EasyDist with the 1:8 distillation protocol to EEC2870/2000 is shown. The spirit samples are distilled using the distillation unit EasyDist with a glass splash protector. The alcohol content was determined after the distillation by direct injections in a densitymeter.

Alcohol determination in wines

Made from grapes, wine is a widely consumed alcoholic beverage. In most jurisdictions worldwide it is a legal requirement to quantify the alcohol content for labelling and taxation purposes. An accurate and reliable method for the determination of the alcohol content in five different wine samples with varied alcohol concentrations in comparison to a classical distillation setup as a reference method is hereby introduced in co-operation with Versuchs-und Lehranstalt für Brauerei (VLB), Berlin. A close compliance of the steam distillation setup of EasyDist with the 1:8 distillation protocol to EEC2676/1990 (wine) and OIV-MA-AS312-01A (wine) is shown. The wine samples are distilled using the distillation unit EasyDist with a glass splash protector. The alcohol content was determined after the distillation by direct injections in a digital density meter.

Ammonia determination in hair dye

Ammonia determination in wastewater

Alcohol determination in beer

Produced by fermentation, beer is brewed from various grains and is one of the widely consumed alcoholic beverage. It is therefore legally required to quantify its alcohol content for labelling and taxation purposes. An accurate and reliable method for the determination of the alcohol content in five different beer samples with varied alcohol concentrations in comparison to a classical distillation setup as a reference method is hereby introduced in co-operation with Versuchs-und Lehranstalt für Brauerei (VLB), Berlin. A close compliance of the steam distillation setup of EasyDist with the proposed 1:8 distillation protocol to EEC 2676/1990 and OIV-MA-AS312-01A is shown. The samples are distilled using the distillation unit EasyDist with a glass splash protector. The alcohol content was determined after the distillation by direct injections in a digital density meter.

Analyzing Raw Milk at the Dairy Plant

Quality control of raw milk before further processing is a crucial process in the dairy industry. The milk is thourougly tested for various parameters, such as fat, protein, total solids, ot solids-non-fat.

The analysis results not only influence the payment of the milk producers but also allow for segregation of the incoming raw milk according to its composition and hence intended process and final product. NIR spectroscopy ensures that consumers receive safe, nutritious, and compliant dairy products while optimizing production processes for the dairy companies. 

Find out how NIR can monitor entire truck loads of raw milk at the receiving dock in this application note.

Biodiesel process control

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel composed of fatty acid mono-alkyl esters, which are obtained through the base catalyzed transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats with a short chain alcohol, such as methanol or ethanol. The quality control of Biodiesel (B100) is very important and several parameters have to be analyzed to fulfill the requirements of ASTM D6751[1] and EN-14214[2]. However, Biodiesel analysis is expensive, time-consuming, and generates residues. The implementation of a BUCHI NIR-Online® process analyzer after the drying step provides full quality control of the end product. Within milli-seconds, several parameters such as Acid value, Ester content, Methanol, Monoglyceride, Total glycerol, Water and many more are continuously, simultaneously, and accurately measured with NIR.

Ammonium, nitrate, and total nitrogen determination in fly ash

Fly-ash is a by-product of the combustion of pulverized coal and is composed of small particles. Nowadays, air pollution control standards require a separation of flue gas before being released to the atmosphere.The composition of the fly ash may vary considerabley, however, all fly ashed contain substantial amounts of silicon dioxide (SiO2) aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and calcium oxide (CaO). The fly ash in this study was provided from a pulp mill containing organic and inorganic (ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate) nitrogen compounds.

Total SO2 content determination in shrimp paste by modified Monnier-Williams Method

Total SO2 is defined as “the total of all the various forms of sulfur dioxide present in the sample, either in the free state or combined with their constituents”. Its determination in solid samples poses a challenge because SO2 is withheld in adducts and is released slowly during boiling. Recognized results are obtained by means of the generally accepted Optimized Monier-Williams method according to AOAC 990.28 which suggests the use of nitrogen-assisted boiling of the acidified sample to release the Total SO2. The method presented in this study provides equally quantitative results with much less time required per sample and is based on steam distillation followed by pH titration.

In this application note recovery results for a widely used reference standard HMS, and a certified sample of shrimp paste (41±9.7ppm) for total sulfite analysis are presented. A representative concentration of 1 mg SO2 /sample tube is selected to demonstrate the robust performance of modified Monier-Williams method by steam distillation. 

TKN determination in water and wastewater

An easy and reliable method for the determination of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) in water and wastewater, according to ISO 5663, DIN EN 25 663 and the methods listed in 40 CFR part 136.3, is introduced below. In this study, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) which is a measure of sentisivity of a method, were determined. To test the performance, nitrogen recovery in different concentrations of urea solutions was tested. The samples are digested using the SpeedDigester K-439 using Kjeldahl Tablets Titanium. A steam distillation protocol followed bya suitable boric acid titration is performed with the MultiKjel together with the Metrohm Eco Titrator. Coupling the new MultiKjel system and the Eco Titrator results in excellent performance with ease and speed of the analysis.

Total SO2 content determination in reference standards by BUCHI method

Sulfites are widely used as preservatives and antioxidants in foods and beverages. Exposure to high levels of sulfites can cause an allergic reaction. Given the health risks associated with sulfite exposure, its amount in beverages and foods is regulated in many countries. Regulations have set the maximum amount of sulfites used and required labelling practice to indicate the presence of sulfites. Total SO2 is defined as “the total of all the various forms of sulfur dioxide present in the sample, either in the free state or combined with their constituents”. Its determination in solid samples poses a challenge because SO2 is withheld in adducts and is released slowly during boiling. Recognized results are obtained by means of the generally accepted Optimized Monier-William’s method according to AOAC 990.28 which suggests the use of nitrogen-assisted boiling of the acidified sample to release the Total SO2. The method presented in this study provides equally quantitative results with much less time required per sample and is based on the patented BUCHI Method that involves steam distillation followed by a redox titration.

TKN determination in water and waste water using potentiometric titration

An easy, reliable and high troughpout method for the determination of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) in water and waste water, according to ISO 5663, DIN EN 25 663 and the methods listed in 40 CFR part 136.3, is presented. In this study, the Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification, which are a benchmark for the method’s sensitivity, were determined for water samples. To test the system’s performance, the nitrogen recovery of different concentrations of a urea reference sample was tested.  The samples were digested mercury and selenium free using the KjelDigester K-449. The distillation and potentiometric boric acid titration were performed with the KjelMaster K-375 with KjelSampler K-376.

Sulfur dioxide determination in wine by BUCHI SO2 method

Accelerated nitrogen and protein determination in dry pet food

An easy and reliable method for the determination of total nitrogen and protein in dry pet food by the use of hydrogen peroxide, according to ISO 5983-2, is introduced below. The samples are digested using the KjelDigester K-449. The distillation and boric acid titration are performed with the KjelMaster K-375 with KjelSampler K-376. The combination of the accelerated digestion method, using the Kjeldahl Tablet Titanium in combination with hydrogen peroxide, and the KjelMaster system K-375/K-376 increases the sample throughput.

Nitrogen and protein determination in milk powder

Determinação de nitrogênio e proteína em produtos cárneos

Um método confiável para a determinação de nitrogênio e proteína em produtos cárneos, ou seja, salame, presunto defumado e salsicha de carne cozida, de acordo com a AOAC 981.10, é apresentado a seguir [1]. As amostras são digeridas usando o KjelDigester K-449. A destilação e a titulação do ácido bórico são realizadas com o KjelMaster System K-375 / K-376. Compatível com o padrão internacional [1], o método de medição da titulação do ácido bórico é colorimétrico. Portanto, um indicador misto de acordo com Sher é adicionado à solução de ácido bórico, e o KjelMaster K-375 é equipado com o sensor colorimétrico. A combinação do KjelDigester, do KjelMaster System K-375 / K-376 e do novo modo de titulação “online” aumenta o rendimento da amostra para até 120 amostras por dia de trabalho (9 h).

Residual oil content in white flakes

Monitoring residual oil in soybean white flakes after the extraction step of soybean crushing process, is critical for maximizing oil yield. In addition, this ensures optimum quality of the soybean meal. Rapid and accurate determination of residual oil in white flakes is crucial to optimize the operating parameters of the extractor such as temperature, flake/solvent ratio or extraction time. With the installation of a BUCHI NIR-Online® process analyzer after the extractor parameters such as Resudual oil, moisture or hexane have been successfully analyzed with NIR in order to monitor and document the extraction process in a fast, simple, and reliable way.