Aplicaciones

Microencapsulación de sabores y fragancias mediante secado por pulverización

En los últimos tiempos, la encapsulación de ingredientes activos en polvo se ha vuelto muy popular. Esta tecnología puede generar nuevas fórmulas para productos pertenecientes a muchos sectores, como la farmacia, la biología, la alimentación y la cosmética. El objetivo principal de la encapsulación es inmovilizar el compuesto sensible en una matriz sólida para protegerlo de los daños presentes en el entorno durante su ciclo de vida. La encapsulación se ha empleado también para la liberación sostenida, controlada o dirigida de productos encapsulados.

Determinación del contenido de grasa bruta y grasa total en muestras de piensos por extracción Soxhlet

Presentamos un procedimiento sencillo y fiable para determinar el contenido de grasa en piensos. Esta Nota de aplicación sigue el método oficial del Reglamento (CE) n.º 152/2009 de la Comisión publicado en el Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea. El Reglamento incluye los métodos de extracción directa (grasa bruta) y de extracción tras la hidrólisis ácida (grasa total). Se usa uno u otro procedimiento en función de la naturaleza y la composición de la muestra: Procedimiento A: aceites y grasas brutos directamente extraíbles Este método se aplica a los materiales para piensos de origen vegetal, a excepción de los incluidos en el ámbito del Procedimiento B. Procedimiento B: aceites y grasas totales Este método se aplica a los materiales para piensos de origen animal y a todos los piensos compuestos. Se debe utilizar con todos los materiales de los que los aceites y las grasas no puedan extraerse completamente sin hidrólisis previa (por ejemplo, los glútenes, las levaduras, las proteínas de patata y los productos sujetos a procesos como la extrusión, la floculación y el calentamiento). Interpretación de los resultados: En todos los casos en los que el resultado obtenido con el procedimiento B sea mayor que el obtenido con el procedimiento A, el resultado obtenido con el procedimiento B se aceptará como el valor real. Ambos procedimientos se describen en esta Nota de la aplicación. El Reglamento (CE) n.º 152/2009 exige un tiempo de extracción de 6 horas. En esta Nota de la aplicación se demuestra, mediante una muestra del material de referencia certificado, que un tiempo de extracción de 2 horas es suficiente para recibir resultados fiables y reproducibles tanto para el contenido de grasa bruta como para el de grasa total con el FatExtractor E‑500 SOX.

Asesor de liofilización, vol. 1: Teoría y aplicaciones básicas

Esta guía le brinda las aplicaciones y conocimientos básicos de la liofilización.

Freeze drying of Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Given the temperature sensitivity of the samples, freeze-drying is used as a safe and effective method to remove moisture, enabling longer preservation. These techniques are crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of sensitive compounds and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. 

Freeze drying of beads containing yeasts

Next to fermentation processes or transformation of foods, microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or lactic acid bacteria are of economic importance in the field of probiotic dietary food and feed supplements. These applications however require the preservation of cell viability during storage. By combining granulation and freeze drying, dust free particles, homogeneous in size and composition can be obtained. This will enable a good particle flowability, an easier dosage and a faster reconstitution of the product due to a higher surface area. Despite some challenges, freeze drying remains a convenient method of preserving yeasts, sporulating fungi and bacteria since the long term viability remains usually rather good and the requirements for storage and distribution of the strains are quite simple.This Note therefore aims to produce Saccharomyces cerevisiae particles as a model microorganism using the Encapsulator B-390 as a granulator to drip the yeasts droplets into liquid nitrogen and form beads that will then be freeze dried using the Lyovapor™ L-200.

Spray Drying of Passion flower

Passion flower (Passiflora incarnata) is a plant known for its sedative and anxiolytic properties, making it useful in the treatment of anxiety and sleep disorders. Spray drying has been used to produce passion flower extract powders, which can be used to make supplements, herbal remedies, and functional foods.

The spray drying process involves atomizing a solution or suspension of passion flower extract into a hot gas stream, which rapidly evaporates the solvent, leaving behind a dry powder containing the passion flower extract.

Spray-dried passion flower extract powders have been shown to have improved stability, longer shelf life, and enhanced bioavailability compared to traditional liquid extracts. They can be used in a range of applications, including the development of dietary supplements, herbal remedies, and functional foods.

Overall, spray drying of passion flower extract offers numerous benefits and has a wide range of potential applications in the herbal and dietary supplement industries. Its versatility and adaptability make it a valuable tool for the development of new and innovative products with improved properties and health benefits.

Please see the application note No. 601 for starting parameters and some results.

Spray Drying of Oxaprozin

Oxaprozin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve inflammation, swelling, and stiffness in the body. Spray drying is a technique that has been used to formulate oxaprozin into various forms such as powders, capsules, and tablets. The process involves atomizing a liquid formulation into small droplets, which are then rapidly dried to form a fine powder. This results in an increase in surface area, which enhances dissolution and bioavailability of the drug.

Spray-dried oxaprozin has been used for various purposes such as improving drug stability, solubility, and oral bioavailability. The technique has also been used to formulate sustained-release formulations of oxaprozin, which can provide controlled drug delivery over an extended period. In addition, spray-dried oxaprozin has been incorporated into polymeric nanoparticles, which can improve drug targeting and reduce toxicity.

Overall, the spray drying of oxaprozin has numerous potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry, including drug formulation, drug delivery, and improved therapeutic efficacy.

Please see the application note No. 595 for starting parameters and some results.

Spray Drying of Peach oil

Peach oil is a natural oil extracted from the kernels of peaches and has various applications in the cosmetic and food industries. Spray drying is a common method used to convert peach oil into a dry powder or particles for improved handling and storage.

The spray drying process involves atomizing a peach oil solution or suspension into a hot gas stream, which rapidly evaporates the solvent, leaving behind a dry powder or particles containing peach oil. The size and shape of the particles can be controlled by adjusting the spray drying conditions, such as the feed rate, drying temperature, and gas flow rate.

Spray-dried peach oil particles have numerous applications in the cosmetic industry. The dry powder can be used in formulations for skin and hair care products, such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and conditioners. In the food industry, spray-dried peach oil particles can be added to dry mixes for baked goods, desserts, and snacks to enhance their flavor and nutritional value.

Overall, spray drying of peach oil is a versatile and efficient process that offers various benefits and has a wide range of applications. It provides a stable, free-flowing powder or particles that are easier to handle and store, making it a valuable tool for the development of new and innovative products in the cosmetic and food industries.

Please see the application note No. 602 for starting parameters and some results.

Spray Drying of Plant Extracts for Liquor

Spray drying of plant extracts for liquor is a popular technique used in the food and beverage industry to improve the shelf life of natural extracts and enhance their functionality. The process involves atomizing a solution or suspension of plant extracts into a hot gas stream, where the solvent evaporates, leaving behind a fine powder.

The plant extracts used for liquor are typically rich in antioxidants, flavor compounds, and other bioactive ingredients that can provide health benefits and improve the sensory properties of beverages. Some common plant extracts used in liquor production include herbs, spices, fruits, and vegetables. Spray drying allows manufacturers to preserve the potency and flavor of these extracts while improving their solubility and stability.

Spray-dried plant extracts are used in the production of various alcoholic beverages, including beer, wine, and spirits. They are also used in non-alcoholic beverages such as soft drinks and functional beverages. Additionally, they are used as ingredients in food products like confectionery, bakery, and snack foods.

Please see the application note No. 611 for starting parameters and some results.

Pressurized Water Extraction of polyphenols and essential oils in thyme

The extraction of valuable ingredients in thyme is the focus of different extraction techniques. The most commonly used technologies are liquid-solid-, pressurized liquid-, supercritical fluid- and pressurized water extraction. A fast and reliable method for the extraction of thyme is introduced below. The sample is extracted using the SpeedExtractor E-914 and analyzed to determine the amount of polyphenols.

Spray Drying of Probiotic Milk

Spray drying is a commonly used technique in the food industry to produce dry powders from liquid solutions or suspensions. In recent years, spray drying has been utilized in the production of probiotic milk powders, which offer numerous benefits and advantages over conventional methods of probiotic milk production.

Spray drying of probiotic milk allows for the production of powders with improved stability, longer shelf life, and enhanced bioavailability. The process involves atomizing the milk and probiotic culture into a hot gas stream, which rapidly evaporates the water, leaving behind a dry powder that contains the probiotic microorganisms.

Applications of spray-dried probiotic milk powders include the development of functional food products, such as yogurt, cheese, and infant formula, which can provide a range of health benefits. Probiotic milk powders can also be used in the development of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals.

Overall, spray drying of probiotic milk offers numerous benefits and has a wide range of potential applications in the food industry. Its versatility and adaptability make it a valuable tool for the development of new and innovative functional food products with improved properties and health benefits.

Please see the application note No. 629 for starting parameters and some results.

Spray Drying of Norfenefrine-HCl

Spray drying of Norfenefrine-HCl is a process that converts a liquid solution into a dry, powdered form. Norfenefrine-HCl is a sympathomimetic drug used in the treatment of hypotension (low blood pressure). It works by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to an increase in peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure. Spray drying can be used to improve the solubility and bioavailability of the drug by reducing particle size and increasing surface area. The resulting powder is easy to handle, store, and transport, and can be formulated into various dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, or injectables.

Spray-dried Norfenefrine-HCl has several applications in the pharmaceutical industry, including the development of sustained-release dosage forms, nasal sprays, and inhalation formulations. It is also used in the preparation of parenteral solutions and for the treatment of shock, heart failure, and other circulatory disorders. Spray drying technology provides a cost-effective and efficient method for producing high-quality Norfenefrine-HCl powder with enhanced physicochemical properties for various pharmaceutical applications.

Please see the application note No. 588 for starting parameters, formulations and some results.

Spray Drying of Polyacrylic acid

Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is a synthetic polymer used in a wide range of industrial and biomedical applications, including drug delivery, wound dressings, and superabsorbent materials. Spray drying has been used to produce PAA particles in various forms, such as nanoparticles, microparticles, and aerogels.

The spray drying process involves atomizing a solution or suspension of PAA into a hot gas stream, which rapidly evaporates the solvent, leaving behind a dry powder containing PAA particles. The size, shape, and properties of the particles can be controlled by adjusting the spray drying conditions, such as the feed rate, drying temperature, and gas flow rate.

Applications of spray-dried PAA particles include drug delivery systems, wound dressings, and superabsorbent materials. The PAA particles can be functionalized with various drugs, biomolecules, or functional groups to enhance their properties and performance.

Overall, spray drying of PAA particles offers numerous benefits and has a wide range of potential applications in the industrial and biomedical fields. Its versatility and adaptability make it a valuable tool for the development of new and innovative materials with improved properties and performance.

Please see the application note No. 617 for starting parameters and some results.

Pre-Extraction and Extraction of Hypericin in St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) using the SpeedExtractor E-916

In herbal medicine St. John's Wort herb and capsules with dry extract are widely used for the treatment of depressions. In this products hypericin is determined for quality reasons. The determination of the total amount of hypericin can be done by extraction and photometric quantification at 590 nm. The quantification by photometry is interfered by co-extracted chlorophyll. Removal of the interfering chlorophyll was achieved by a pre-extraction with dichloromethane. The remainings were then extracted with methanol to quantify hypericin.

PCB determination in sediment

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of organic compounds based on biphenyl substituted with 1-10 chlorine atoms. They are toxic, persistent and bioaccumulate in terrestrial and aquatic biosystems and are ubiquitous in the environment. This Application Note describes the extraction and determination of PCBs in a dried sediment SETOC sample according to EPA 3541. The sample was extracted with the UniversalExtractor E-800 in the Soxhlet warm mode. 

Spray Drying of Pigment

Spray drying is a commonly used technique for the production of pigments in various industries. Pigments are used in a wide range of applications, including paints, inks, cosmetics, and plastics. Spray drying of pigments involves the production of fine powders by converting liquid pigments into solid particles using a spray dryer. The process involves atomizing the liquid pigment into small droplets that are rapidly dried in a hot gas stream, resulting in the formation of fine powder particles.

The advantages of spray drying for pigment production include improved dispersion and flow properties, reduced caking and agglomeration, and increased shelf life. The process also allows for precise control of particle size and morphology, which can affect the properties and performance of the final product.

Some examples of pigments produced using spray drying include titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and carbon black. These pigments are used in a wide range of applications, including automotive coatings, plastic colorants, and inkjet inks.

Please see the application note No. 610 for starting parameters and some results.

Piperine determination in pepper using UniversalExtractor E-800

Pepper is one of the most widely used spice and seasoning. Piperine – the bioactive compound of white, black or long pepper – imparts the spice with its pungency and biting taste. In this application note, the sample is extracted with the UniversalExtractor E-800 using the Hot extraction method. The total piperine content is determined using UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The procedure complies with the official method of AOAC 987.07. 

Spray Drying of Plasmid DNA

Spray drying of plasmid DNA is a method used to produce dry, stable and highly concentrated forms of the genetic material. This technique involves transforming plasmid DNA into a dried powder form by dispersing a liquid solution of the DNA into an inert gas stream and then rapidly drying it. The resulting powder can be easily stored, transported and reconstituted when needed.

One of the most promising applications of spray drying of plasmid DNA is in the field of gene therapy. Gene therapy aims to correct genetic disorders by delivering therapeutic genes to specific cells. Spray-dried plasmid DNA can be used to create inhalable dry powder formulations for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Additionally, this technique can also be used to produce dry powder formulations of plasmid DNA vaccines.

Another area of application is in the production of plasmid DNA for research purposes. Spray drying offers an efficient and scalable method to produce large quantities of high-quality DNA for use in molecular biology studies.

Overall, spray drying of plasmid DNA has significant potential in the field of gene therapy and research, providing a stable and easy-to-use form of genetic material for a range of applications.

Please see the application note No. 612 for starting parameters and some results.

Spray Drying of Polyacrylate

Polyacrylate is a polymer that has a wide range of applications in the industrial, agricultural, and biomedical fields. Spray drying has been utilized to produce polyacrylate particles with controlled size, shape, and properties.

The spray drying process involves atomizing a polyacrylate solution or suspension into a hot gas stream, which rapidly evaporates the solvent, leaving behind a dry powder or particles containing polyacrylate. The size and shape of the particles can be controlled by adjusting the spray drying conditions, such as the feed rate, drying temperature, and gas flow rate.

Polyacrylate particles produced by spray drying have been utilized in various industrial applications such as water treatment, coating, and adhesives. In the agricultural field, spray-dried polyacrylate particles have been used as soil conditioners to improve water retention and plant growth. In the biomedical field, spray-dried polyacrylate particles have been used for drug delivery and tissue engineering.

Overall, spray drying of polyacrylate particles is a versatile and efficient process that offers numerous benefits and has a wide range of potential applications. Its ability to produce particles with controlled size and properties makes it a valuable tool for the development of new and innovative materials.

Please see the application note No. 615 for starting parameters and some results.

Spray Drying of Poly-Caprolatone Nanospheres and Nanocapsules of Miglyol

Poly-caprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polymer that has been widely used in drug delivery applications. Spray drying has been employed to produce PCL nanospheres and nanocapsules of Miglyol, which can be used to encapsulate drugs and improve their delivery and bioavailability.

The spray drying process involves atomizing a solution or suspension of PCL and Miglyol into a hot gas stream, which rapidly evaporates the solvent, leaving behind a dry powder containing the PCL nanospheres or nanocapsules.

Applications of spray-dried PCL nanospheres and nanocapsules of Miglyol include the development of drug delivery systems with improved release profiles, increased stability, and enhanced bioavailability. These systems can be used for a wide range of therapeutic applications, including cancer therapy, gene therapy, and vaccine delivery.

Overall, spray drying of PCL nanospheres and nanocapsules of Miglyol offers numerous benefits and has a wide range of potential applications in the field of drug delivery. Its versatility and adaptability make it a valuable tool for the development of new and innovative drug delivery systems with improved properties and performance.

Please see the application note No. 618 for starting parameters and some results.