Aplicaciones

Separation of Vitamins

Vitamins B1 (thiamine) and B6 (pyridoxine) are essential for energy metabolism, nerve function, and immune health. Found in grains, legumes, meat, and bananas, their similar structures make separation challenging. Preparative high pressure liquid chromatography (prep HPLC) offers high-resolution purification, ensuring pure compounds for precise pharmaceutical and nutritional applications. The following application demonstrates the use of prep HPLC to efficiently isolate B1 and B6 from a vitamin mixture.

Métodos de determinación selectiva del nitrógeno relacionados con el método Kjeldahl

El 85 % de la demanda mundial de nitrógeno para fabricar fertilizantes se deriva principalmente del amoniaco en forma de urea, nitrato de amonio, fosfato y sulfato. También se pueden encontrar componentes amoniacales en el suelo, el fango y los residuos biológicos. En esas matrices de muestras, se puede encontrar una mezcla de varios compuestos con nitrógeno como la urea, el nitrógeno con otro origen orgánico como aminoácidos, proteínas, nitrato, nitrito y amonio. Con el equipo Kjeldahl, se puede realizar la determinación selectiva del nitrógeno de una muestra mediante el método de nitrógeno Kjeldahl total (NKT y NKT+), el amonio (destilación del amonio) y la concentración de nitrato (destilación Devarda). Además de estos parámetros, se puede calcular el contenido de nitrógeno orgánico.

Microencapsulación de sabores y fragancias mediante secado por pulverización

En los últimos tiempos, la encapsulación de ingredientes activos en polvo se ha vuelto muy popular. Esta tecnología puede generar nuevas fórmulas para productos pertenecientes a muchos sectores, como la farmacia, la biología, la alimentación y la cosmética. El objetivo principal de la encapsulación es inmovilizar el compuesto sensible en una matriz sólida para protegerlo de los daños presentes en el entorno durante su ciclo de vida. La encapsulación se ha empleado también para la liberación sostenida, controlada o dirigida de productos encapsulados.

Determinación del contenido de nitrógeno y proteína en piensos animales de acuerdo con el método Kjeldahl

Determinación del contenido de grasa bruta y grasa total en muestras de piensos por extracción Soxhlet

Presentamos un procedimiento sencillo y fiable para determinar el contenido de grasa en piensos. Esta Nota de aplicación sigue el método oficial del Reglamento (CE) n.º 152/2009 de la Comisión publicado en el Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea. El Reglamento incluye los métodos de extracción directa (grasa bruta) y de extracción tras la hidrólisis ácida (grasa total). Se usa uno u otro procedimiento en función de la naturaleza y la composición de la muestra: Procedimiento A: aceites y grasas brutos directamente extraíbles Este método se aplica a los materiales para piensos de origen vegetal, a excepción de los incluidos en el ámbito del Procedimiento B. Procedimiento B: aceites y grasas totales Este método se aplica a los materiales para piensos de origen animal y a todos los piensos compuestos. Se debe utilizar con todos los materiales de los que los aceites y las grasas no puedan extraerse completamente sin hidrólisis previa (por ejemplo, los glútenes, las levaduras, las proteínas de patata y los productos sujetos a procesos como la extrusión, la floculación y el calentamiento). Interpretación de los resultados: En todos los casos en los que el resultado obtenido con el procedimiento B sea mayor que el obtenido con el procedimiento A, el resultado obtenido con el procedimiento B se aceptará como el valor real. Ambos procedimientos se describen en esta Nota de la aplicación. El Reglamento (CE) n.º 152/2009 exige un tiempo de extracción de 6 horas. En esta Nota de la aplicación se demuestra, mediante una muestra del material de referencia certificado, que un tiempo de extracción de 2 horas es suficiente para recibir resultados fiables y reproducibles tanto para el contenido de grasa bruta como para el de grasa total con el FatExtractor E‑500 SOX.

Determinación del contenido de NKT en agua y aguas residuales

La determinación del contenido de nitrógeno Kjeldahl total (NKT) presente en agua y aguas residuales es un procedimiento rutinario en las tareas de inspección y aseguramiento de la calidad. En este documento, presentamos un procedimiento fiable para la determinación colorimétrica del contenido de NKT presente en agua de acuerdo con las normas ISO 5663, el método AOAC 973.48 y el código 40 CFR 136.3.

Asesor de liofilización, vol. 1: Teoría y aplicaciones básicas

Esta guía le brinda las aplicaciones y conocimientos básicos de la liofilización.

Freeze drying of Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Given the temperature sensitivity of the samples, freeze-drying is used as a safe and effective method to remove moisture, enabling longer preservation. These techniques are crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of sensitive compounds and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. 

Freeze drying of beads containing yeasts

Next to fermentation processes or transformation of foods, microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or lactic acid bacteria are of economic importance in the field of probiotic dietary food and feed supplements. These applications however require the preservation of cell viability during storage. By combining granulation and freeze drying, dust free particles, homogeneous in size and composition can be obtained. This will enable a good particle flowability, an easier dosage and a faster reconstitution of the product due to a higher surface area. Despite some challenges, freeze drying remains a convenient method of preserving yeasts, sporulating fungi and bacteria since the long term viability remains usually rather good and the requirements for storage and distribution of the strains are quite simple.This Note therefore aims to produce Saccharomyces cerevisiae particles as a model microorganism using the Encapsulator B-390 as a granulator to drip the yeasts droplets into liquid nitrogen and form beads that will then be freeze dried using the Lyovapor™ L-200.

Production of alginate beads using Encapsulator Flow Vibration Nozzle

Short test compilation of alginate beads produced with vibrated concentric air system. 4% alginate solution (low viscosity grade) is prilled with the new concentric nozzle system, where air or another gas is blown through the shell nozzle. The inner liquid is vibrated. The air flow rate, the liquid flow rate and the vibration is adjusted so that a droplet chain is visible in the light of the stroboscope lamp.

Spray Drying of Oxaprozin

Oxaprozin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve inflammation, swelling, and stiffness in the body. Spray drying is a technique that has been used to formulate oxaprozin into various forms such as powders, capsules, and tablets. The process involves atomizing a liquid formulation into small droplets, which are then rapidly dried to form a fine powder. This results in an increase in surface area, which enhances dissolution and bioavailability of the drug.

Spray-dried oxaprozin has been used for various purposes such as improving drug stability, solubility, and oral bioavailability. The technique has also been used to formulate sustained-release formulations of oxaprozin, which can provide controlled drug delivery over an extended period. In addition, spray-dried oxaprozin has been incorporated into polymeric nanoparticles, which can improve drug targeting and reduce toxicity.

Overall, the spray drying of oxaprozin has numerous potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry, including drug formulation, drug delivery, and improved therapeutic efficacy.

Please see the application note No. 595 for starting parameters and some results.

Spray Drying of Peach oil

Peach oil is a natural oil extracted from the kernels of peaches and has various applications in the cosmetic and food industries. Spray drying is a common method used to convert peach oil into a dry powder or particles for improved handling and storage.

The spray drying process involves atomizing a peach oil solution or suspension into a hot gas stream, which rapidly evaporates the solvent, leaving behind a dry powder or particles containing peach oil. The size and shape of the particles can be controlled by adjusting the spray drying conditions, such as the feed rate, drying temperature, and gas flow rate.

Spray-dried peach oil particles have numerous applications in the cosmetic industry. The dry powder can be used in formulations for skin and hair care products, such as lotions, creams, shampoos, and conditioners. In the food industry, spray-dried peach oil particles can be added to dry mixes for baked goods, desserts, and snacks to enhance their flavor and nutritional value.

Overall, spray drying of peach oil is a versatile and efficient process that offers various benefits and has a wide range of applications. It provides a stable, free-flowing powder or particles that are easier to handle and store, making it a valuable tool for the development of new and innovative products in the cosmetic and food industries.

Please see the application note No. 602 for starting parameters and some results.

Preparation of SiO2 agglomerated particles

Nowadays, nanoparticles are attracting a lot of attention in several industry applications such as ceramic material, atmospheric plasma spray (APS) coating, drug formulation or drug delivery system. Their small size makes them challenging to handle and can represent a risk for the health of the personnel using such powders. Agglomerating the nanoparticles is necessary to overcome the previously mentioned issue.Free-flowing, spherical particles with uniform morphology and narrow size distribution are highly desirable for many applications and can easily be obtained by spray drying. For applications in ceramic material or drug formulation for example, a compression of the agglomerate material is necessary to obtain the final product. The properties of the agglomerated material will largely determine the compaction behavior of the powder and the uniformity of the final product. Spray drying is an established method to produce granulated material by converting a liquid (i.e. solution, emulsion or suspension) into solid spherical particles with precise specifications.If the used suspension consists of nanoparticles, the resulting agglomerated product comprises nanoparticles forming a nanostructured powder in the sub-micrometer / micrometer size range. Through this approach, the properties of nanoscale particles are preserved into micrometer scale particles which are easier and safer to handle.Due to its chemical and physical properties, silica is an advanced material widely used in a variety of applications such as ceramic production, drug formulation or drug delivery. Here, silica was chosen as a model suspension material to invest igate the feasibility to agglomerate nanoparticles using the Nano Spray Dryer B-90 HP.

Nitrogen Determination in Reference Substances

In order to verify the BUCHI Digest System K-437 or the Digest Automat K-438 in combination with the KjelMaster K-375 with KjelSampler K-376, the nitrogen content of different reference substances is determined according to the classical Kjeldahl method. All recoveries of the samples should be within the specification of 98-102%.

Determinación del contenido de nitrógeno no proteico en la leche

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Spray Drying of Plant Extracts for Liquor

Spray drying of plant extracts for liquor is a popular technique used in the food and beverage industry to improve the shelf life of natural extracts and enhance their functionality. The process involves atomizing a solution or suspension of plant extracts into a hot gas stream, where the solvent evaporates, leaving behind a fine powder.

The plant extracts used for liquor are typically rich in antioxidants, flavor compounds, and other bioactive ingredients that can provide health benefits and improve the sensory properties of beverages. Some common plant extracts used in liquor production include herbs, spices, fruits, and vegetables. Spray drying allows manufacturers to preserve the potency and flavor of these extracts while improving their solubility and stability.

Spray-dried plant extracts are used in the production of various alcoholic beverages, including beer, wine, and spirits. They are also used in non-alcoholic beverages such as soft drinks and functional beverages. Additionally, they are used as ingredients in food products like confectionery, bakery, and snack foods.

Please see the application note No. 611 for starting parameters and some results.

Novel k-carrageenan and k-carrageenan-alginate beads

Alginate and carrageenan are biocompatible polymers abundant in nature that could be used as matrix material for gel beads. These novel beads may serve for a wide variety of applications, such as enzyme immobilization.Aim of this application is to produce k-carrageenan as well as k-carrageenan-alginate beads with the Encapsulator B-390. The Encapsulator B-390 is a laboratory instrument applied in chemistry, pharmaceutical, food and biotechnology field to produce spherical and homogeneous beads.

Pressurized Water Extraction of polyphenols and essential oils in thyme

The extraction of valuable ingredients in thyme is the focus of different extraction techniques. The most commonly used technologies are liquid-solid-, pressurized liquid-, supercritical fluid- and pressurized water extraction. A fast and reliable method for the extraction of thyme is introduced below. The sample is extracted using the SpeedExtractor E-914 and analyzed to determine the amount of polyphenols.

Spray Drying of Probiotic Milk

Spray drying is a commonly used technique in the food industry to produce dry powders from liquid solutions or suspensions. In recent years, spray drying has been utilized in the production of probiotic milk powders, which offer numerous benefits and advantages over conventional methods of probiotic milk production.

Spray drying of probiotic milk allows for the production of powders with improved stability, longer shelf life, and enhanced bioavailability. The process involves atomizing the milk and probiotic culture into a hot gas stream, which rapidly evaporates the water, leaving behind a dry powder that contains the probiotic microorganisms.

Applications of spray-dried probiotic milk powders include the development of functional food products, such as yogurt, cheese, and infant formula, which can provide a range of health benefits. Probiotic milk powders can also be used in the development of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals.

Overall, spray drying of probiotic milk offers numerous benefits and has a wide range of potential applications in the food industry. Its versatility and adaptability make it a valuable tool for the development of new and innovative functional food products with improved properties and health benefits.

Please see the application note No. 629 for starting parameters and some results.

Spray Drying of Norfenefrine-HCl

Spray drying of Norfenefrine-HCl is a process that converts a liquid solution into a dry, powdered form. Norfenefrine-HCl is a sympathomimetic drug used in the treatment of hypotension (low blood pressure). It works by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to an increase in peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure. Spray drying can be used to improve the solubility and bioavailability of the drug by reducing particle size and increasing surface area. The resulting powder is easy to handle, store, and transport, and can be formulated into various dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, or injectables.

Spray-dried Norfenefrine-HCl has several applications in the pharmaceutical industry, including the development of sustained-release dosage forms, nasal sprays, and inhalation formulations. It is also used in the preparation of parenteral solutions and for the treatment of shock, heart failure, and other circulatory disorders. Spray drying technology provides a cost-effective and efficient method for producing high-quality Norfenefrine-HCl powder with enhanced physicochemical properties for various pharmaceutical applications.

Please see the application note No. 588 for starting parameters, formulations and some results.